November 4

What happened that day?

• 2015: A building collapses in the Pakistani city of Lahore resulting in at least 45 deaths, at least 100 injured.
• 2015: A cargo plane crashes shortly after takeoff from [Juba](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Juba) International Airport in Juba, South Sudan, killing 37 people.
• 2010: Qantas Flight 32, an Airbus A380, suffers an uncontained engine failure over Indonesia shortly after taking off from Singapore, crippling the jet. The crew manage to safely return to Singapore, saving all 469 passengers and crew.
• 2010: Aero Caribbean Flight 883 crashes into Guasimal, Sancti Spíritus. All 68 passengers and crew were killed.
• 2008: Barack Obama becomes the first person of biracial or African-American descent to be elected President of the United States.
• 2002: Chinese authorities arrest cyber-dissident He Depu for signing a pro-democracy letter to the 16th Communist Party Congress.
• 1995: Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated by an extremist Israeli.
• 1993: China Airlines Flight 605, a brand new 747-400, overruns the runway at Kai Tak Airport.
• 1980: Ronald Reagan is elected the 40th President of The United States, defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter.
• 1979: [Iran](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) hostage crisis: A mob of Iranians, mostly students, overruns the US embassy in Tehran and takes 90 hostages (53 of whom are American).
• 1973: The Netherlands experiences the first Car-Free Sunday caused by the 1973 oil crisis. Highways are used only by cyclists and roller skaters.
• 1970: Salvador Allende takes office as President of Chile, the first Marxist to become president of a Latin American country through open elections.
• 1970: Vietnam War: Vietnamization: The United States turns control of the air base at Bình Thủy in the Mekong Delta over to South Vietnam.
• 1966: The Arno River floods Florence, Italy, to a maximum depth of 6.7 m (22 ft), leaving thousands homeless and destroying millions of masterpieces of art and rare books. Also Venice was submerged on the same day at its record all-time acqua alta of 194 cm.
• 1962: The United States concludes Operation Fishbowl, its final above-ground nuclear weapons testing series, in anticipation of the 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.
• 1960: At the Kasakela Chimpanzee Community in Tanzania, Dr Jane Goodall observes chimpanzees creating tools, the first-ever observation in non-human animals.
• 1956: Soviet troops enter Hungary to end the Hungarian revolution against the Soviet Union, that started on October 23. Thousands are killed, more are wounded, and nearly a quarter million leave the country.
• 1952: The United States government establishes the National Security Agency, or NSA.
• 1944: World War II: Bitola Liberation Day
• 1942: World War II: Second Battle of El Alamein: Disobeying a direct order by Adolf Hitler, General Field Marshal Erwin Rommel leads his forces on a five-month retreat.
• 1939: World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the United States Customs Service to implement the Neutrality Act of 1939, allowing cash-and-carry purchases of weapons by belligerents.
• 1924: Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming is elected the first female governor in the United States.
• 1922: In Egypt, British archaeologist Howard Carter and his men find the entrance to Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings.
• 1921: Japanese Prime Minister Hara Takashi is assassinated in Tokyo.
• 1921: The Saalschutz Abteilung (hall defense detachment) of the Nazi Party is renamed the Sturmabteilung (storm detachment) after a large riot in Munich.
• 1918: World War I: The Armistice of Villa Giusti between Italy and Austria-Hungary is implemented.
• 1912: First Balkan War: The First Battle of Çatalca begins - an attempt by Bulgaria to break through the last defensive line before the Turkish capital Constantinople.
• 1890: City and South London Railway: London's first deep-level tube railway opens between King William Street and Stockwell.
• 1868: Camagüey, Cuba revolts against Spain during the Ten Years' War.
• 1864: American Civil War: Battle of Johnsonville: Confederate troops bombard a Union supply base and destroy millions of dollars in material.
• 1852: Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour becomes the prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, which soon expands to become Italy.
• 1847: Sir James Young Simpson, a Scottish physician, discovers the anaesthetic properties of chloroform.
• 1839: Newport Rising: The last large-scale armed rebellion against authority in mainland Britain.
• 1798: Beginning of the Russo-Ottoman siege of Corfu.
• 1791: The Western Confederacy of American Indians wins a major victory over the United States in the Battle of the Wabash.
• 1783: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Symphony No. 36 is performed for the first time in Linz, Austria.
• 1780: The Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II against Spanish rule in the Viceroyalty of Peru begins.
• 1737: The Teatro di San Carlo,the oldest working opera house in Europe, is inaugurated in Naples, Italy.
• 1677: The future Mary II of England marries William, Prince of Orange; they later jointly reign as William and Mary.
• 1576: Eighty Years' War: In Flanders, Spain captures Antwerp (after three days the city is nearly destroyed).
• 1501: Catherine of Aragon (later Henry VIII's first wife) meets Arthur Tudor, Henry VIII's older brother - they would later marry.
• 1429: Armagnac-Burgundian Civil War: Joan of Arc liberates Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier.