November 16

What happened that day?

• 1997: After nearly 18 years of incarceration, the People's Republic of China releases Wei Jingsheng, a pro-democracy dissident, from jail for medical reasons.
• 1992: The [Hoxne](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoxne) Hoard is discovered by metal detectorist Eric Lawes in Hoxne, Suffolk.
• 1990: Pop group Milli Vanilli are stripped of their Grammy Award because the duo did not sing at all on the Girl You Know It's True album. Session musicians had provided all the vocals.
• 1989: El Salvadoran army troops kills six Jesuit priests and two others at Jose Simeon Canas University.
• 1988: In the first open election in more than a decade, voters in Pakistan elect populist candidate Benazir Bhutto to be Prime Minister of Pakistan.
• 1988: The Supreme Soviet of the [Estonia](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia)n Soviet Socialist Republic declares that Estonia is "sovereign" but stops short of declaring independence.
• 1979: The first line of [Bucharest](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest) Metro (Line M1) is opened from Timpuri Noi to Semănătoarea in Bucharest, Romania.
• 1974: The Arecibo message is broadcast from the Arecibo Radio Telescope in Puerto Rico. It was aimed at the current location of the globular star cluster Messier 13 some 25,000 light years away. The message will reach empty space by the time it finally arrives since the cluster will have changed position.
• 1973: U.S. President Richard Nixon signs the Trans-[Alaska Pipeline](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Pipeline) Authorization Act into law, authorizing the construction of the Alaska Pipeline.
• 1973: Skylab program: NASA launches Skylab 4 with a crew of three astronauts from Cape Canaveral, Florida for an 84-day mission.
• 1965: Venera program: The Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe toward Venus, which will be the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet.
• 1945: UNESCO is founded.
• 1944: World War II: Düren, Germany, is destroyed by Allied bombers.
• 1944: World War II: Operation Queen, the costly Allied thrust to the Rur, is launched.
• 1943: World War II: American bombers strike a hydro-electric power facility and heavy water factory in German-controlled Vemork, Norway.
• 1940: New York City's "Mad Bomber" George Metesky places his first bomb at a Manhattan office building used by Consolidated Edison.
• 1940: Holocaust: In occupied Poland, the Nazis close off the Warsaw Ghetto from the outside world.
• 1940: World War II: In response to the leveling of Coventry by the German Luftwaffe two days before, the Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg.
• 1938: LSD is first synthesized by Albert Hofmann from ergotamine at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel.[1]
• 1920: Qantas, Australia's national airline, is founded as Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Limited.
• 1914: The Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens.
• 1907: Cunard Line's RMS Mauretania, sister ship of RMS Lusitania, sets sail on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England, to New York City.
• 1907: Indian Territory and [Oklahoma](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma) Territory join to form Oklahoma, which is admitted as the 46th U.S. state.
• 1904: English engineer John Ambrose Fleming receives a patent for the thermionic valve (vacuum tube).
• 1885: Canadian rebel leader of the Métis and "Father of Manitoba" Louis Riel is executed for treason.
• 1863: American Civil War: Battle of Campbell's Station near Knoxville, Tennessee: Confederate troops unsuccessfully attack Union forces.
• 1857: Second relief of Lucknow: Twenty-four Victoria Crosses are awarded, the most in a single day.
• 1855: David Livingstone becomes the first European to see the Victoria Falls in what is now Zambia-Zimbabwe.
• 1852: The English astronomer John Russell Hind discovers the asteroid 22 Kalliope.
• 1849: A Russian court sentences writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group; his sentence is later commuted to hard labor.
• 1828: Greek War of Independence: The London Protocol entails the creation of an autonomous Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty, encompassing the Morea and the Cyclades.
• 1822: American Old West: Missouri trader William Becknell arrives in Santa Fe, New Mexico, over a route that became known as the Santa Fe Trail.
• 1805: Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Schöngrabern: Russian forces under Pyotr Bagration delay the pursuit by French troops under Joachim Murat.
• 1797: The Prussian heir apparent, Frederick William, becomes King of Prussia as Frederick William III.
• 1793: French Revolution: 90 dissident Roman Catholic priests are executed by drowning at Nantes.
• 1776: American Revolution: The United Provinces (Low Countries) recognize the independence of the United States.
• 1776: American Revolutionary War: British and Hessian units capture Fort Washington from the Patriots.
• 1632: Thirty Years' War: Battle of Lützen is fought, the Swedes are victorious but King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden dies in the battle.
• 1532: Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca Emperor Atahualpa at the Battle of Cajamarca.
• 1491: An auto-da-fé, held in the Brasero de la Dehesa outside of Ávila, concludes the case of the Holy Child of La Guardia with the public execution of several Jewish and converso suspects.
• 1272: While travelling during the Ninth Crusade, Prince Edward becomes King of England upon Henry III of England's death, but he will not return to England for nearly two years to assume the throne.
• 951: Emperor Li Jing sends a Southern Tang expeditionary force of 10,000 men under Bian Hao to conquer Chu. Li Jing removes the ruling family to his own capital in Nanjing. Ending the Chu Kingdom.