June 30

What happened that day?

• 2015: A Hercules C-130 military aircraft with 113 people on board crashes in a residential area in Medan, Indonesia, resulting in at least 116 deaths.
• 2013: Protests begin around Egypt against President Mohamed Morsi and the ruling Freedom and Justice Party, leading to their overthrow during the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état
• 2013: Nineteen firefighters die controlling a wildfire in Yarnell, Arizona.
• 1997: The United Kingdom transfers sovereignty over Hong Kong to China.
• 1990: East Germany and West Germany merge their economies.
• 1986: The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Bowers v. Hardwick that states can outlaw homosexual acts between consenting adults.
• 1985: Thirty-nine American hostages from the hijacked TWA Flight 847 are freed in Beirut after being held for 17 days.
• 1977: The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization disbands.
• 1974: The Baltimore municipal strike of 1974 begins.
• 1972: The first leap second is added to the UTC time system.
• 1971: The crew of the Soviet Soyuz 11 spacecraft are killed when their air supply escapes through a faulty valve.
• 1968: Pope Paul VI issues the Credo of the People of God.
• 1966: The National Organization for Women, the United States' largest feminist organization, is founded.
• 1963: Ciaculli bombing: a car bomb, intended for Mafia boss Salvatore Greco, kills seven police officers and military personnel near Palermo.
• 1960: Belgian Congo gains independence as Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)).
• 1959: A United States Air Force F-100 Super Sabre from Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, crashes into a nearby elementary school, killing 11 students plus six residents from the local neighborhood.
• 1956: A TWA Super Constellation and a United Airlines DC-7 collide above the Grand Canyon in Arizona and crash, killing all 128 on board both airliners.
• 1953: The first Chevrolet Corvette rolls off the assembly line in Flint, Michigan.
• 1944: World War II: The Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces.
• 1937: The world's first emergency telephone number, 999, is introduced in London.
• 1936: Emperor Haile Selassie of Abyssinia appeals for aid to the League of Nations against Italy's invasion of his country.
• 1934: The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's violent purge of his political rivals in Germany, takes place.
• 1922: In Washington D.C., U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes and Dominican Ambassador Francisco J. Peynado sign the Hughes-Peynado agreement, which ends the United States occupation of the Dominican Republic.
• 1921: U.S. President Warren G. Harding appoints former President William Howard Taft Chief Justice of the United States.
• 1912: The Regina Cyclone, Canada's deadliest tornado event, kills 28 people in Regina, Saskatchewan
• 1908: The Tunguska Event, the largest impact event on Earth in human recorded history, resulting in a massive explosion over Eastern Siberia.
• 1906: The United States Congress passes the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.
• 1905: Albert Einstein sends the article On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, in which he introduces special relativity, for publication in Annalen der Physik.
• 1892: The Homestead Strike begins near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
• 1886: The first transcontinental train trip across Canada departs from Montreal. It arrives in Port Moody, British Columbia on July 4.
• 1882: Charles J. Guiteau is hanged in Washington, D.C. for the assassination of U.S. President James Garfield.
• 1864: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln grants Yosemite Valley to California for "public use, resort and recreation".
• 1860: The 1860 Oxford evolution debate at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History takes place.
• 1859: French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
• 1805: The U.S. Congress organizes the Michigan Territory.
• 1794: Native American forces under Blue Jacket attack Fort Recovery.
• 1758: Seven Years' War: The Battle of Domstadtl takes place.
• 1688: The Immortal Seven issue the Invitation to William (continuing the English rebellion from Rome), which would culminate in the Glorious Revolution.
• 1651: The Deluge: Khmelnytsky Uprising: The Battle of Berestechko ends with a Polish victory.
• 1559: King Henry II of France is mortally wounded in a jousting match against Gabriel, comte de Montgomery.
• 1521: Spanish forces defeat a combined French and Navarrese army at the Battle of Noáin during the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre.
• 1520: Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés fight their way out of Tenochtitlan.
• 1422: Battle of Arbedo between the duke of Milan and the Swiss cantons.
• 763: The Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus.
• 350: Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed in Rome by troops of the usurper Magnentius.
• 296: Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.