July 3

What happened that day?

• 2013: Egyptian coup d'état: President of Egypt Mohamed Morsi is overthrown by the military after four days of protests all over the country calling for Morsi's resignation, to which he didn't respond. President of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt Adly Mansour is declared acting president.
• 1996: Stone of Scone is returned to Scotland.
• 1995: Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party wins the general elections and is restored to power after being in opposition for 15 years.
• 1988: The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, providing the second connection between the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosphorus.
• 1988: United States Navy warship USS Vincennes shoots down Iran Air Flight 655 over the Persian Gulf, killing all 290 people aboard.
• 1979: U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs the first directive for secret aid to the opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Kabul.
• 1970: The Troubles: The "Falls Curfew" begins in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
• 1969: Space Race: The biggest explosion in the history of rocketry occurs when the Soviet N-1 rocket explodes and subsequently destroys its launchpad.
• 1967: The Aden Emergency: The Battle of the Crater in which the British Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders retake the Crater district following the Arab Police mutiny.
• 1962: Jackie Robinson becomes the first African American to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
• 1952: The SS United States sets sail on her maiden voyage to Southampton. During the voyage, the ship takes the Blue Riband away from the RMS Queen Mary.
• 1952: The Constitution of Puerto Rico is approved by the United States Congress.
• 1944: World War II: Minsk is liberated from Nazi control by Soviet troops during Operation Bagration.
• 1940: World War II: To stop ships from falling into German hands the French fleet of the Atlantic based at Mers El Kébir, is bombarded by the British fleet, coming from Gibraltar, causing the loss of three battleships: Dunkerque, Provence and French battleship Bretagne. 1,200 sailors perish.
• 1938: United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicates the Eternal Light Peace Memorial and lights the eternal flame at Gettysburg Battlefield.
• 1938: World speed record for a steam locomotive is set in England, by the Mallard, which reaches a speed of 125.88 miles per hour (202.58 km/h).
• 1913: Confederate veterans at the Great Reunion of 1913 reenact Pickett's Charge; upon reaching the high-water mark of the Confederacy they are met by the outstretched hands of friendship from Union survivors.
• 1898: A Spanish squadron, led by Pascual Cervera y Topete, is defeated by an American squadron under William T. Sampson in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba.
• 1890: Idaho is admitted as the 43rd U.S. state.
• 1886: The New-York Tribune becomes the first newspaper to use a linotype machine, eliminating typesetting by hand.
• 1886: Karl Benz officially unveils the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, the first purpose-built automobile.
• 1884: Dow Jones & Company publishes its first stock average.
• 1866: Austro-[Prussia](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussia)n War is decided at the Battle of Königgrätz, resulting in Prussia taking over as the prominent German nation from Austria.
• 1863: American Civil War: The final day of the Battle of Gettysburg culminates with Pickett's Charge.
• 1852: Congress establishes the United States' 2nd mint in San Francisco.
• 1849: The French enter Rome in order to restore Pope Pius IX to power. This would prove a major obstacle to Italian unification.
• 1848: Slaves are freed in the Danish West Indies (now U.S. Virgin Islands).
• 1844: The last pair of great auks is killed.
• 1839: The first state normal school in the United States, the forerunner to today's Framingham State University, opens in Lexington, Massachusetts with three students.
• 1819: The Bank of Savings in New York City, the first savings bank in the United States, opens.
• 1778: American Revolutionary War: Iroquois allied to Britain kill 360 people in the Wyoming Valley massacre.
• 1775: American Revolutionary War: George Washington takes command of the Continental Army at Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• 1767: Norway's oldest newspaper still in print, Adresseavisen, is founded and the first edition is published.
• 1767: Pitcairn Island is discovered by Midshipman Robert Pitcairn on an expeditionary voyage commanded by Philip Carteret.
• 1754: French and Indian War: George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French forces.
• 1608: Québec City is founded by Samuel de Champlain.
• 1035: William the Conqueror becomes the Duke of Normandy, reigns until 1087.
• 987: Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revolution in 1792.
• 324: Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium.