December 15

What happened that day?

• 2014: Man Haron Monis takes 18 hostages inside a café in Martin Place for 16 hours in Sydney. Monis and two hostages are killed when police raid the café the following morning.
• 2013: The South Sudanese Civil War begins when opposition leaders Dr. Riek Machar, Pagan Amum and Rebecca Nyandeng vote to boycott the meeting of the National Liberation Council at Nyakuron.
• 2010: A boat carrying 90 asylum seekers crashes into rocks off the coast of Christmas Island, Australia, killing 48 people.
• 2005: Introduction of the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor into USAF active service.
• 2001: The Leaning Tower of Pisa reopens after 11 years and $27,000,000 spent to stabilize it, without fixing its famous lean.
• 2000: The third reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant is shut down.
• 1997: Tajikistan Airlines Flight 3183 crashes in the desert near Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, killing 85.
• 1993: The Troubles: The Downing Street Declaration is issued by British Prime Minister John Major and Irish Taoiseach Albert Reynolds.
• 1981: A suicide car bombing targeting the Iraqi embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, levels the embassy and kills 61 people, including Iraq's ambassador to Lebanon. The attack is considered the first modern suicide bombing.
• 1978: U.S. President Jimmy Carter announces that the United States will recognize the People's Republic of China and sever diplomatic relations with Taiwan
• 1973: The American Psychiatric Association votes 13-0 to remove homosexuality from its official list of psychiatric disorders, the DSM-II.
• 1973: John Paul Getty III, grandson of American billionaire J. Paul Getty, is found alive near Naples, Italy, after being kidnapped by an Italian gang on July 10.
• 1970: A South Korean ferry, Namyong Ho, capsizes in the Korea Strait, killing more than 300 people.
• 1970: Soviet spacecraft Venera 7 successfully lands on Venus. It is the first successful soft landing on another planet
• 1965: Project Gemini: Gemini 6A, crewed by Wally Schirra and Thomas Stafford, is launched from Cape Kennedy, Florida. Four orbits later, it achieves the first space rendezvous, with Gemini 7.
• 1961: Adolf Eichmann is sentenced to death after being found guilty by an Israeli court of 15 criminal charges, including charges of crimes against humanity, crimes against the Jewish people, and membership of an outlawed organization.
• 1960: King Mahendra of Nepal suspends the country's constitution, dissolves parliament, dismisses the cabinet, and imposes direct rule.
• 1960: Richard Pavlick is arrested for plotting to assassinate U.S. President-Elect John F. Kennedy.
• 1945: Occupation of Japan/[Shinto](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinto) Directive: General Douglas MacArthur orders that Shinto be abolished as the state religion of Japan.
• 1943: World War II: The Battle of Arawe begins during the New Britain campaign.
• 1942: World War II: The Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign.
• 1941: The Holocaust: German troops murder over 15,000 Jews at Drobytsky Yar, a ravine southeast of the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine, Soviet Union.
• 1939: Gone with the Wind (highest inflation adjusted grossing film) receives its premiere at Loew's Grand Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
• 1933: The Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution officially becomes effective, repealing the Eighteenth Amendment that prohibited the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol.
• 1917: World War I: An armistice between Russia and the Central Powers is signed.
• 1914: A gas explosion at Mitsubishi Hōjō coal mine, in Kyushu, Japan, kills 687.
• 1914: World War I: The Serbian Army recaptures Belgrade from the invading Austro-Hungarian Army.
• 1906: The London Underground's Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway opens.
• 1905: The Pushkin House is established in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to preserve the cultural heritage of Alexander Pushkin.
• 1890: Hunkpapa Lakota leader Sitting Bull is killed on Standing Rock Indian Reservation, leading to the Wounded Knee Massacre.
• 1864: American Civil War: Battle of Nashville: Union forces under George Thomas almost completely destroy the Army of Tennessee under John Hood.
• 1791: The United States Bill of Rights becomes law when ratified by the Virginia General Assembly.
• 1778: American Revolutionary War: British and French fleets clash in the Battle of St. Lucia.
• 1651: Castle Cornet in Guernsey, the last stronghold which had supported the King in the Third English Civil War, surrenders.
• 1467: Stephen III of Moldavia defeats Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, with the latter being injured thrice, at the Battle of Baia.
• 1256: Mongol forces under the command of Hulagu Khan enter and destroy the Hashshashin stronghold at Alamut Castle (in present-day Iran) as part of their offensive on Islamic southwest Asia.
• 1167: Sicilian Chancellor Stephen du Perche moves the royal court to Messina to prevent a rebellion.
• 1161: Jin-Song wars: Military officers conspire against the emperor Wanyan Liang of the Jin dynasty after a military defeat at the Battle of Caishi, and assassinate the emperor at his camp.
• 687: Pope Sergius I is elected.
• 533: Vandalic War: Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Tricamarum.