December 1

What happened that day?

• 1997: In the Indian state of Bihar, Ranvir Sena attacked the CPI(ML) Party Unity stronghold Lakshmanpur-Bathe, killing 63 lower caste people.
• 1991: Cold War: Ukrainian voters overwhelmingly approve a referendum for independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1990: Channel Tunnel sections started from the United Kingdom and France meet 40 metres beneath the seabed.
• 1989: Cold War: East Germany's parliament abolishes the constitutional provision granting the Communist Party the leading role in the state.
• 1989: Philippine coup attempt: The right-wing military rebel Reform the Armed Forces Movement attempts to oust Philippine President Corazon Aquino in a failed bloody coup d'état.
• 1984: NASA conducts the Controlled Impact Demonstration, wherein an airliner is deliberately crashed in order to test technologies and gather data to help improve survivability of crashes.
• 1981: Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308, a McDonnell Douglas MD-80, crashes in Corsica, killing all 180 people on board.
• 1974: Northwest Airlines Flight 6231, another Boeing 727, crashes northwest of John F. Kennedy International Airport.
• 1974: TWA Flight 514, a Boeing 727, crashes northwest of Dulles International Airport, killing all 92 people on board.
• 1973: Papua New Guinea gains self-governance from Australia.
• 1971: [Cambodia](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia)n Civil War: Khmer Rouge rebels intensify assaults on Cambodian government positions, forcing their retreat from Kompong Thmar and nearby Ba Ray.
• 1969: Vietnam War: The first draft lottery in the United States is held since World War II.
• 1964: Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and his top-ranking advisers meet to discuss plans to bomb North Vietnam.
• 1960: Paul McCartney and Pete Best are arrested (and later deported) from Hamburg, Germany, after accusations of attempted arson.
• 1959: Cold War: Opening date for signature of the Antarctic Treaty, which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent.
• 1958: The Our Lady of the Angels School fire in Chicago kills 92 children and three nuns.
• 1958: The Central African Republic attains self-rule within the French Union.
• 1955: American Civil Rights Movement: In Montgomery, Alabama, seamstress Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat to a white man and is arrested for violating the city's racial segregation laws, an incident which leads to that city's bus boycott.
• 1952: The New York Daily News reports the news of Christine Jorgensen, the first notable case of sex reassignment surgery.
• 1941: World War II: Fiorello La Guardia, Mayor of New York City and Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, signs Administrative Order 9, creating the Civil Air Patrol.
• 1941: World War II: Emperor Hirohito of Japan gives the final approval to initiate war against the United States.
• 1934: In the Soviet Union, Politburo member Sergey Kirov is shot dead by Leonid Nikolaev at the Communist Party headquarters in Leningrad.
• 1924: The National Hockey League's first United States-based franchise, the Boston Bruins, played their first game in league play at home, at the still-extant Boston Arena indoor hockey facility.[1]
• 1919: Lady Astor becomes the first female Member of Parliament to take her seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. (She had been elected to that position on November 28.)
• 1918: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is proclaimed.
• 1918: The Kingdom of Iceland becomes a sovereign state, yet remains a part of the Danish kingdom.
• 1918: Transylvania unites with the Kingdom of Romania, following the incorporation of Bessarabia (March 27) and Bukovina (November 28), thus concluding the Great Union.
• 1913: Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the First Balkan War, is annexed by Greece.
• 1913: Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line.
• 1913: The Buenos Aires Metro, the first underground railway system in the Southern Hemisphere and in Latin America, begins operation.
• 1865: Shaw University, the first historically black university in the southern United States, is founded in Raleigh, North Carolina.
• 1862: In his State of the Union Address President Abraham Lincoln reaffirms the necessity of ending slavery as ordered ten weeks earlier in the Emancipation Proclamation.
• 1834: Slavery is abolished in the Cape Colony in accordance with the Slavery Abolition Act 1833.
• 1828: Argentine general Juan Lavalle makes a coup against governor Manuel Dorrego, beginning the Decembrist revolution.
• 1824: United States presidential election, 1824: Since no candidate received a majority of the total electoral college votes in the election, the United States House of Representatives is given the task of deciding the winner in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
• 1822: Peter I is crowned Emperor of Brazil.
• 1768: The former slave ship Fredensborg sinks off Tromøy in Norway.
• 1640: End of the Iberian Union: Portugal acclaims as King João IV of Portugal, ending 59 years of personal union of the crowns of Portugal and Spain and the end of the rule of the Philippine Dynasty.
• 1577: Francis Walsingham is knighted.
• 1420: Henry V of England enters Paris.
• 800: Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican.